inevitably accelerated the concentration of both population and industry in these areas. And this rapid concentration, combined witli a relative lag in social overhead capitai Investment in the same areas, has resulted in various kinds of environmentai poliution, which has become serious enough to give rise to wide spread concern among the people about the State and quality of the human environment. At the same time, there are now Problems even outside these major metropoiitan areas, such as the side-effects of the use of agricuitural chemicals and soll poliution in agricuitural areas and, in some areas, industrial poliution. These are probiems that call urgentiy for solution, and the Government has, for some time now, been taking various countermeasures to cope with them. Particularly with the enactment of Special legisiation — aitogether 14 laws and amendments — in December 1970, the Government is now in a better position to deai with these probiems. Moreoyer, the administrative machinery was also strengthened with the establishment of the Headquarters of Countermeasures for Environmentai Pollu tion (HGEP) under the Cabinet in July 1970 in order to coordinate the Government's environmentai poliution control measures which had previously been implemented by various Ministries and Agencies. This organization is to be strengthened and expanded, developing into the Environ ment Agency which is to come into being on July 1,1971, with a Minister of State at its head. Preparations for the estabiishment of this new Agency are already under way. However, notwithstanding all these efforts by the Government and the people, it is still to be feared that the deterloration of the human envi ronment, particularly that resulting from environmentai poliution, will be further aggravated. If a fundamental solution to these probiems is to found, it is no longer enough to take measures aimed only at curing Symptoms in each specific field. Rather, it is now necessary to take a positive approach to improve the human environment in a broader and longer-term perspective, recognizing the importance of achieving overall harmony between human activities and the eco-system. Furthermore, throughout the world today, aibeit in varying degrees, human environment probiems are considered to be of the utmost impor tance, and the need for international cooperation in this fieid is widely recognized. (about 450 words) 1. Read the text carefully and write a summary of about 150 words. 2. Japan is just one example for the Situation of highly industrialised countries in the 20th Century. In the seventies people started to become aware of environmentai poliution as a crucial problem. A variety of counter-measures were taken. Some of the grievances have been successfully tackied, others have increased. Explain the current State of affairs, comment on the Situation in 1971 compared to the present global and local Situation. Refer to these pro biems as you know them in Austria (and all over the world) and try to evaluate what has become better and what still needs improveiTfient. (19 Kandidaten)
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